Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli; an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. In medical diagnosis, pain is regarded as a symptom of an underlying condition. damaging stimuli 破坏性刺激

unpleasant sensory 不愉快的感觉

tissue damage 组织损伤

medical diagnosis 医学诊断

underlying condition 潜在症状

疼痛的几种类型？

Acute pain starts suddenly and is short-term

急性疼痛突然发作，而且是短期的

Chronic pain lasts for a longer period of time

慢性疼痛持续时间较长

Bone pain happens when cancer is affecting a bone

当癌症侵袭骨骼时，就会发生骨痛

Soft tissue pain happens when organs, muscles or tissues are damaged or inflamed

软组织疼痛发生在器官、肌肉或组织受损或发炎时

Nerve pain happens when a nerve is damaged

当神经受损时，就会发生神经疼痛

Referred pain is when pain from one part of your body is felt in another

牵涉性疼痛是指身体某个部位的疼痛被另一个部位感受到

Phantom pain is when there is pain in a part of the body that has been removed

幻肢痛是指身体某个部位的疼痛被移除

Total pain includes the emotional, social and spiritual factors that affect a person’s pain experience.总痛苦包括情感、社会和精神因素，影响一个人的痛苦体验。

缓解疼痛的几种方式？

WaterUse it to clean cuts and scrapes and to treat burns. If you're dealing with a burn, put the injured area in cool water or cover it with a cold compress as soon as you can.

injured area 受伤部位

cold compress 冰敷

Multi-Purpose WashclothWrap it around a bag of frozen vegetables or a plastic bag filled with ice cubes for a comfortable ice pack that can help with the swelling and pain that comes with sprains or strains.

ice cubes 冰块

swelling and pain 肿胀和疼痛

sprains or strains 扭伤或拉伤

Over-the-Counter Anti-InflammatoriesThey’re often used to treat the pain that comes with inflammation, like sprains. You don’t need a prescription, but you should be careful with them: Large doses can cause stomach pain and nausea, and long-term overuse can lead to kidney problems, ulcers, and high blood pressure.

Inflammation 炎症

Sprains 扭伤

Prescription 处方药

stomach pain 胃疼

nausea 恶心

long-term overuse 长期过度使用

kidney problems 肾脏问题

ulcers 溃疡

AcetaminophenIt’s used for headaches, toothaches, menstrual cramps, and other kinds of pain that don’t necessarily come with inflammation. If you take it only occasionally, it doesn’t usually cause problems. But don't take it in high doses -- that can damage your liver and kidneys

menstrual cramps 筋挛

liver and kidneys 肝脏和肾脏

Topical Pain RelieversThese are over-the-counter gels, creams, sprays, and patches you put on your skin over the painful muscle, tendon, or joint. They can help relieve pain without serious side effects.

cream, sprays, and patches 乳霜、喷雾剂和贴片

muscle, tendon, or joint 肌肉、肌腱或关节

side effects 副作用

虽说“no pain no gain” 但生理上的疼痛还是尽可能的避免以及要正确的对待疼痛要是喜欢这篇ccl词汇的话记得点赞评论并且点击“看一看”哦~

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【CCL资料】CCL词汇系列（二十六）：pain 疼痛

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